Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis: It is a disease of bones, bones become weak due to low levels of calcium and reduction in bone mineral density. It can cause by excessive use of Corticosteroids like drugs. The main result of this disease is fractures in the hip, spine and wrist. It can affect women more than men.

Causes of Osteoporosis:

Strong bones depend on levels of calcium, mineral density, phosphorus and their shape and size. Procedure in which new bones make and old bones break is called remodeling. This procedure will be completed within two or three months. In women, when levels of estrogen decrease, losses of bones increase automatically during menopause. This disease depends on how quickly bones mass loss and how much it attained at the age of 25 to 35. Decrease of vitamin D and levels of Calcium in diet may develop peak bone mass and later on, bones loss.

Anyone keeps bones healthy by the following ways:-

• Increase in the amount of calcium in diet

• Do exercise such as walking daily.

• Increase amounts of vitamin D

Signs and symptoms of Osteoporosis:

• Severe pain, in case of collapsed vertebra and fractured

• Decrease in height all the time.

• Fracture of the hips, vertebrae, wrists and other bones.

Diagnosis of Osteoporosis:

Health care providers use several of devices to measure the levels of bones mineral density. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is the effective test to diagnose this disease. This test is rapidly gives accurate results. Sometimes, doctors will be recommended Computerized tomography scan and ultrasound tests. Female Patients should apply following in case of having bone density test:-

• Take medications such as prednisone

• Feeling of early menopause

• Diseases such as liver disease, family history of osteoporosis and type I diabetes

Treatment:-

Hormone therapy is best treatment for this disease.

Raloxifene: Medications such as Raloxifene is known as Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators. In case of postmenopausal women, it is very effective to bone loss. There are some side effects of Raloxifene such as Hot flashes, breast cancer and increased in the level of uterine.

Bisphosphonates: These drugs may help to preserve bone mass, decrease the risk of fractures and increase the level of bones mineral density. It may be benefit for young adults, men and people who has steroid-induced osteoporosis. Side effects of these drugs are abdominal pain, esophageal ulcers and nausea.

Teriparatide: This drug is very powerful and effective to control the Osteoporosis in case of postmenopausal. It can be given in the form of injection under the base of skin on the abdomen or thigh.

Emerging therapies: This therapy is helpful to improve posture and reduce the severe back pain in women with osteoporosis. A spinal weighted kypho-orthosis device is used to treat the disease. It may wear in the morning and afternoon for about 30 minutes.

Prevention:

• Patient should do exercise such as walking, running, skipping rope, jogging regularly.

• Patient should avoid smoking, it can reduce the levels of estrogen and increase bones Loss.

• Patient should not use execessive alcohol.

• Patient should avoid caffeine, it is very harmful.

• Patient should be considered hormone therapy.